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What is Trichomoniasis?
Trichomoniasis (often called 'trich') is caused by a microscopic parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It's the most common curable STI worldwide, yet often goes undiagnosed because many people have no symptoms. Women are more commonly symptomatic than men. Without treatment, trichomoniasis can increase the risk of other STIs including HIV and cause complications during pregnancy.
Symptoms
- WOMEN: Frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge
- WOMEN: Strong, unpleasant vaginal odour
- WOMEN: Vaginal itching, soreness, or swelling
- WOMEN: Pain during sex or urination
- MEN: Usually asymptomatic (70%+ have no symptoms)
- MEN: Mild discharge from penis
- MEN: Burning after urination or ejaculation
- MEN: Irritation inside the penis
- Symptoms may come and go, making diagnosis difficult
Causes
- Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis parasite
- Transmitted through vaginal sex
- Can be passed between women via shared sex toys
- Less commonly affects the throat or rectum
- Can survive for short periods on moist objects
- NOT typically transmitted through oral or anal sex
- NOT spread through casual contact, toilet seats, or swimming pools
Who Is at Risk?
- Sexually active women (more commonly diagnosed than men)
- People with multiple sexual partners
- Those with a history of STIs
- People who don't use condoms
- Women with bacterial vaginosis
- People whose partners have trichomoniasis
Potential Complications
- Increased susceptibility to HIV (2-3 times higher risk)
- Increased risk of passing HIV to partners if co-infected
- Pregnancy complications (preterm birth, low birth weight)
- Increased risk of cervical cancer (when combined with HPV)
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Prostatitis in men (rare)
How We Diagnose
Trichomoniasis is diagnosed through laboratory testing. In women, a vaginal swab is taken; in men, a urine sample is tested. NAAT/PCR testing is most sensitive. The parasite can also sometimes be seen under microscopy (wet prep). Because symptoms overlap with other conditions like bacterial vaginosis, accurate diagnosis is important for appropriate treatment.
Treatment Options
Trichomoniasis is easily cured with antibiotics - either a single high dose or a week-long course of metronidazole or tinidazole. Avoid alcohol during treatment and for 48-72 hours after (causes severe nausea). ALL sexual partners must be treated simultaneously to prevent reinfection. Avoid sex until treatment is complete and symptoms resolved.
Prevention
Frequently Asked Questions
Can trichomoniasis go away on its own?
Trichomoniasis rarely clears without treatment and can persist for months or years. Even if symptoms improve or disappear, you may still be infected and able to transmit it. Treatment is simple and highly effective - there's no reason to leave it untreated.
Why does my trichomoniasis keep coming back?
The most common reason is reinfection from an untreated partner. Both/all partners must be treated at the same time. Less commonly, treatment failure can occur, requiring a higher dose or longer course. Ensure you complete treatment and avoid sex until your partner(s) have also completed theirs.
Can men get trichomoniasis?
Yes, though it's less commonly diagnosed in men because most male infections are asymptomatic and the infection often clears spontaneously in men. However, during this time men can transmit it to partners. Male partners of women with trichomoniasis should be treated regardless of symptoms or test results.
Is trichomoniasis serious?
While not immediately dangerous, untreated trichomoniasis increases your risk of acquiring HIV, can cause pregnancy complications, and continues to spread to partners. It's also uncomfortable when symptomatic. The good news: a simple antibiotic course cures it completely.
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Concerned About Trichomoniasis?
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