"Absolutely fantastic service. I was very nervous about the blood draw, but Nurse Luciana was so professional and gentle. She made the whole process painless. Results came back via secure email in 24 hours. Best clinic in South Kensington."
What is Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A is a highly contagious viral infection affecting the liver. Unlike Hepatitis B and C, it does not cause chronic infection but can cause significant acute illness lasting several weeks. The virus is transmitted through the faecal-oral route, including during certain sexual practices. Hepatitis A is entirely preventable through vaccination.
Symptoms
- Fatigue and malaise
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain (especially upper right)
- Loss of appetite
- Low-grade fever
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
- Dark urine
- Pale or clay-coloured stools
- Joint pain
- Symptoms appear 2-6 weeks after exposure
Causes
- Faecal-oral transmission of Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
- Oral-anal sexual contact (rimming)
- Contaminated food or water
- Close contact with infected person
- Sharing drug preparation equipment
- Travel to countries with poor sanitation
- Men who have sex with men (higher risk group)
- Contact with infected household members
Who Is at Risk?
- Men who have sex with men
- People who use recreational drugs
- Travellers to endemic areas
- People with chronic liver disease
- Healthcare workers
- Laboratory workers handling HAV
- People experiencing homelessness
- Close contacts of infected individuals
Potential Complications
- Acute liver failure (rare, more common in older adults)
- Prolonged cholestatic hepatitis
- Relapsing hepatitis
- Severe illness requiring hospitalisation
- Higher risk of complications if pre-existing liver disease
- Can be fatal in people with chronic liver conditions
How We Diagnose
Hepatitis A is diagnosed through a blood test that detects IgM antibodies against the virus, indicating recent infection. We can also test for IgG antibodies which show past infection or vaccination immunity. Testing is recommended if you have symptoms after potential exposure or want to check your immunity status before vaccination.
Treatment Options
There is no specific antiviral treatment for Hepatitis A. Management is supportive: rest, adequate hydration, avoiding alcohol and hepatotoxic medications, and a nutritious diet. Most people recover fully within 1-2 months. Severe cases may require hospitalisation. Prevention through vaccination is far preferable to treatment.
Prevention
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Hepatitis A an STI?
Hepatitis A is not traditionally classified as an STI but can be sexually transmitted, particularly through oral-anal contact. It's included in sexual health screening for at-risk groups, especially men who have sex with men, where outbreaks have occurred.
How effective is the Hepatitis A vaccine?
The vaccine is highly effective, providing protection in over 95% of people after a single dose. A second dose at 6-12 months provides long-lasting immunity, likely lifelong. It can also prevent infection if given within 2 weeks of exposure.
Can I get Hepatitis A more than once?
No, once you've recovered from Hepatitis A, you have lifelong immunity. Similarly, completed vaccination provides long-term protection. If you've had confirmed Hepatitis A before, you don't need vaccination.
How long am I infectious with Hepatitis A?
You're most infectious from about 2 weeks before symptoms appear until about 1 week after jaundice develops. You should avoid sexual contact and food preparation during this time. Some people remain infectious for longer.
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Concerned About Hepatitis A?
Book a confidential consultation or STI test at our South Kensington clinic. Walk-in appointments available.




