A Serious but Vaccine-Preventable Infection
Hepatitis B is 50-100 times more infectious than HIV. It can cause chronic liver disease, but is entirely preventable through vaccination. Early detection and monitoring are crucial for long-term health.
Hepatitis B is a potentially serious viral infection affecting the liver, transmitted through blood and body fluids including sexual contact. While many adults clear the infection naturally, about 5-10% develop chronic Hepatitis B which can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Effective vaccination has been available since 1982, making this a vaccine-preventable disease.
Hepatitis B testing involves blood tests for surface antigen (HBsAg) which indicates current infection, and antibodies (anti-HBs, anti-HBc) showing past infection or immunity. We recommend a full hepatitis B panel to understand your status. Additional tests may include viral load and liver function tests for those with chronic infection.
Acute Hepatitis B usually resolves without specific treatment - supportive care includes rest, hydration, and avoiding alcohol. Chronic Hepatitis B may require long-term antiviral medications (entecavir, tenofovir) to suppress the virus and prevent liver damage. Regular monitoring of liver function and viral load is essential. Some patients may need hepatology care.
Acute Hepatitis B is a short-term infection in the first 6 months after exposure - most adults clear this naturally. Chronic Hepatitis B is when the infection persists beyond 6 months. About 5-10% of infected adults, but up to 90% of infected infants, develop chronic infection.
Acute Hepatitis B often clears naturally. Chronic Hepatitis B cannot currently be cured but can be controlled with antiviral medications. A 'functional cure' where the virus becomes undetectable is possible in some cases. Research into curative treatments continues.
Yes - vaccination after exposure (with possibly immunoglobulin) can prevent infection if given within 24-48 hours of exposure. Contact an NHS sexual health clinic or A&E immediately if you've had a potential exposure. Even after 7 days, vaccination may still help.
Yes, if you have active Hepatitis B (HBsAg positive) you can transmit it sexually. Your partner should be tested and vaccinated if not immune. Using condoms reduces but doesn't eliminate risk. Once your partner is immune (confirmed by antibody test), transmission risk is negligible.
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