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What is Cervicitis?
Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina). It's commonly caused by sexually transmitted infections, particularly chlamydia and gonorrhoea, though it can also result from non-infectious causes. Many women with cervicitis have no symptoms, making regular STI screening essential for sexually active women.
Symptoms
- Abnormal vaginal discharge (yellow, grey, or white)
- Bleeding between periods
- Bleeding after sex
- Pain during sex
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent or painful urination
- Many women have no symptoms at all
Causes
- Chlamydia trachomatis (most common infectious cause)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhoea)
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Mycoplasma genitalium
- Allergic reactions to spermicides or latex
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Hormonal changes
- Physical irritation from tampons or diaphragms
Who Is at Risk?
- Sexually active women under 25
- Women with multiple sexual partners
- Women with a history of STIs
- Women who don't use barrier contraception
- Women whose partners have STIs
Potential Complications
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Infertility due to fallopian tube damage
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Increased risk of HIV transmission
- Pregnancy complications
How We Diagnose
Cervicitis is diagnosed through pelvic examination where the cervix appears red, swollen, or has visible discharge. We perform swab tests to identify the causative organism - PCR testing for chlamydia and gonorrhoea is essential. Testing for other STIs including HIV and syphilis is also recommended.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cause. Antibiotic therapy is given for bacterial infections - often empirically covering both chlamydia and gonorrhoea while awaiting results. Partners must be tested and treated to prevent reinfection. For non-infectious cervicitis, removing the irritant and allowing time for healing is usually sufficient.
Prevention
Frequently Asked Questions
Can cervicitis cause infertility?
Yes, if left untreated. Cervicitis caused by chlamydia or gonorrhoea can ascend to cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can scar the fallopian tubes and lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Early treatment prevents these complications.
Does my partner need treatment?
If your cervicitis is caused by an STI, your partner(s) must be tested and treated, even if they have no symptoms. Otherwise, you risk reinfection. We can provide partner notification support.
How long does cervicitis take to heal?
With appropriate antibiotic treatment for infectious cervicitis, symptoms typically improve within a few days, though you should complete the full course. Complete healing usually occurs within 1-2 weeks. Avoid sex until treatment is complete.
Can cervicitis come back?
Yes, cervicitis can recur, especially if you're re-exposed to an STI, if partners weren't treated, or if you have ongoing risk factors. Regular screening and partner treatment are essential for prevention.
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