Expert, evidence-based articles on STIs, testing, prevention, and sexual wellbeing. Written by UK sexual health experts.
Drinking small amounts of water before a urine STI test is generally acceptable, but excessive intake may dilute the sample and reduce accuracy. Learn how to prepare for the most reliable results.
It is generally recommended to avoid urinating for at least one to two hours before a chlamydia or gonorrhoea urine test. Learn why first-void urine matters and how to prepare for accurate results.
Retesting after antibiotics for chlamydia or gonorrhoea is not always necessary, but may be recommended due to reinfection risk or antibiotic resistance. Learn when and why retesting matters.
A test of cure for gonorrhoea is a follow-up test after antibiotic treatment to confirm the infection has cleared. It is especially important due to rising antibiotic resistance in the UK.
Balanitis often has non-STI causes, but symptoms can overlap with sexually transmitted infections. Here's how to understand the difference and when testing may help.
Chlamydia can sometimes contribute to testicle swelling, but many non-STI causes are common too. Here's what to know and when to test.
Yes, gonorrhoea can sometimes cause testicular pain without obvious discharge, but many non-STI causes are more common. Here's how to assess the risk.
A negative chlamydia test taken too soon may not be definitive. Learn the window period and when retesting gives a more reliable answer.
A negative HIV test can be inconclusive if taken too soon. Understand the window period and which test type is best at each stage after exposure.
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